Air flows over a wing (or aerofoil) and is separated at the leading edge. It goes above and below the wing, eventually meeting at the end (trailing edge). The wing is shaped so that the air flowing over it is accelerated and goes faster towards the trailing edge than the air below the wing (along the chord line). This means there is less pressure above the wing than below it, so the wing is 'pushed up' (lift) and takes the aircraft with it.
This diagram shows how a wing generates lift.
In the case of a rotary-winged aircraft such as a helicopter or Osprey (those things are bloody awesome) the aircraft has its wings on an axle that rotates very quickly. Sort of like a giant fan. The lift is then generated to pull it up and hover, rather than having the aircraft to need to be moving forward in order to push air over the wings and generate the lift to take off.
A bloody awesome Osprey.


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